IITJEE 2008 Chemistry syllabus

Physical chemistry

General topics: Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton's atomic
theory; Mole concept; Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations;
Calculations (based on mole concept) involving common
oxidation-reduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions;
Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and
normality.

Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas
equation; Deviation
from ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases,
average, root mean square and most probable velocities and their
relation with temperature; Law of partial pressures; Vapour pressure;
Diffusion of gases.

Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom,
quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis;
Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of
hydrogen atom, shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic
configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36); Aufbau principle;
Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule; Orbital overlap and
covalent bond; Hybridisation
involving s, p and d orbitals only; Orbital energy diagrams for
homonuclear diatomic
species; Hydrogen bond; Polarity in molecules, dipole moment
(qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model and shapes of molecules
(linear, angular, triangular, square planar,
pyramidal, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).

Energetics: First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and
heat, pressure-volume work; Enthalpy, Hess's law; Heat of reaction,
fusion and vapourization; Second law of thermodynamics; Entropy; Free
energy; Criterion of spontaneity.

Chemical equilibrium: Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le
Chatelier's principle (effect of concentration, temperature and
pressure); Significance of DG and DGo in chemical equilibrium;
Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids
and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.

Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells and cell reactions; Standard
electrode potentials; Nernst equation and its relation to DG;
Electrochemical series, emf of galvanic cells; Faraday's laws of
electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent and molar
conductivity, Kohlrausch's law; Concentration cells.

Chemical kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions;
Rate constant;
First order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant
(Arrhenius equation).

Solid state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems
(cell parameters a, b, c, alpha, beta, gamma), close packed structure
of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest
neighbours, ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.

Solutions: Raoult's law; Molecular weight determination from lowering
of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of
freezing point.

Surface chemistry: Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding
adsorption isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and
general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and
micelles (only definitions and examples).

Nuclear chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of
alpha, beta and
gamma rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded),
carbon dating;
Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio; Brief
discussion on fission and
fusion reactions.

Inorganic Chemistry

Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals:
Boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens;
Properties of allotropes of carbon
(only diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur.

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides,
peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and
sulphates of sodium, potassium, magnesium
and calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax; Aluminium:
alumina, aluminium
chloride and alums; Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic acid);
Silicon: silicones,
silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides, oxyacids and ammonia;
Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric acid) and phosphine;
Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen sulphide, oxides,
sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate; Halogens:
hydrohalic acids,
oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder; Xenon fluorides.

Transition elements (3d series): Definition, general characteristics,
oxidation states and
their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic
transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment;
Coordination compounds: nomenclature of mononuclear coordination
compounds, cis-trans and ionisation isomerisms, hybridization and
geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds (linear, tetrahedral,
square planar and octahedral).

Preparation and properties of the following compounds: Oxides and
chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+,
Cu2+ and Zn2+; Potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate, silver
oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.

Ores and minerals:Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron,
copper, tin, lead, magnesium, aluminium, zinc and silver.

Extractive metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only
(industrial details excluded); Carbon reduction method (iron and tin);
Self reduction method (copper and lead);
Electrolytic reduction method (magnesium and aluminium);
Cyanide process (silver and gold).

Principles of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+,
Cu2+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+);
Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.

Organic Chemistry
Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of simple organic
molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of
compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z
nomenclature excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds
(only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds);
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections); Resonance and
hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism; Determination of empirical
and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion method);
Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of
alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on
acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases; Polarity and
inductive effects in alkyl halides; Reactive intermediates produced
during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure
and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous series,
physical properties of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and
density); Combustion and halogenation of
alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation
reactions.

Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical
properties of
alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments);
Acidity of alkynes;
Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the
stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes
with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of
alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions; Electrophilic addition
reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX and H2O (X=halogen); Addition
reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides.

Reactions of benzene: Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic
substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration, sulphonation,
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation;
Effect of o-, m- and p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes.

Phenols: Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation,
nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction.

Characteristic reactions of the following (including those mentioned
above): Alkyl halides: rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation,
Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution reactions; Alcohols:
esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium,
phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols
into aldehydes and ketones; Ethers:Preparation by Williamson's
Synthesis; Aldehydes and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and
hydrazone formation; aldol condensation, Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro
reaction; haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition reactions
(Grignard addition);
Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides and amides,
ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and
aliphatic amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with
nitrous acid, azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic
amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts;
carbylamine reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution
in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism
and Cine substitution).

Carbohydrates: Classification; mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and
sucrose); Oxidation, reduction, glycoside formation and hydrolysis of
sucrose.

Amino acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure
for peptides) and physical properties.

Properties and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber,
cellulose, nylon,
teflon and PVC.

Practical organic chemistry: Detection of elements (N, S, halogens);
Detection and identification of the following functional groups:
hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone),
carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of separation of
mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.